Advanced Ceramics Progress

Advanced Ceramics Progress

Investigation of Different Types of Black Oxide-Forming Materials on Appearance Quality

Document Type : Original Research Article

Authors
Amir Hosein Riazi 1
Seyed Hossein Razavi 2
Seyed Mohammad Ali Boutorabi 3
Seyyed Mehdi Miresmaeili 4
Mohsen Ostad Shabani 5
Zahra-Sadat Seyedraoufi 6
1 Ph.D. Candidate, School of Metallurgy & Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, School of Metallurgy & Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran
3 Professor, School of Metallurgy & Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran
4 Associate Professor, Mechanical Engineering Faculty, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
5 Assistant Professor, Department of Ceramic, Materials and Energy Research Center, Karaj, Iran.
6 Assistant Professor, Department of Matetials Engineering, Ka.C., Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Alborz, Iran.
10.30501/acp.2025.515273.1174
Abstract
In black oxide generation methods, selecting an alkaline compound capable of generating magnetite under suitable temperature conditions not only improves the protective quality of the resulting oxide but also prevents the loss of energy and raw materials. In this paper, the effects of various commonly used compounds, along with some additional additives, on specific methods were investigated. The optimal conditions for black oxide formation were identified as the appropriate composition ratio, a fixed temperature of 150°C, and a duration of 5 to 8 minutes, depending on the type of parts. In this study, ferrous sulfate was used to recover and improve the properties of the depleted solution, thereby reducing the consumption of solution and alkaline materials. The composition and temperature conditions identified in this study can be applied to carbon steel parts with different levels of carbon contents, including low, medium, and high carbon steel, which are commonly used in industry.
Keywords
Black Oxide
Magnetite
Ferrous Sulfate
Carbon Steel
Alkaline Compound

Subjects

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  • Receive Date 06 April 2025
  • Revise Date 26 May 2025
  • Accept Date 21 July 2025